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Levi, Michael --- "E-gaming, money laundering and the problem of risk assessment" [2013] ELECD 930; in Unger, Brigitte; van der Linde, Daan (eds), "Research Handbook on Money Laundering" (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013) 332

Book Title: Research Handbook on Money Laundering

Editor(s): Unger, Brigitte; van der Linde, Daan

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

ISBN (hard cover): 9780857933997

Section: Chapter 25

Section Title: E-gaming, money laundering and the problem of risk assessment

Author(s): Levi, Michael

Number of pages: 15

Abstract/Description:

Criminal risk levels are a combination of criminal motivations, existing/developing criminal capacities, and situational opportunities for crimes offered by the way control is organised. Gambling is an area of considerable moral controversy and legislative/judicial change within and outside the European Union (EU). There is scope for improvement in controls over fraud and laundering and regulators need to be vigilant about the resourcing levels of anti-fraud/Anti-Money Laundering (AML) efforts in the private sector, as well as being internationally consistent in their requirements, following deliberation between different regulators and consultation with the industry. There is much mythology about e-gaming laundering risks, fed by: (a) the self-interest of monopolistic and other state lotteries; (b) inadequate information (though it is not obvious what levels of information would count as ‘adequate’); and (c) a tendency to project a dislike of gaming – and/or private sector involvement in it – into alarm about e-crime in general and the role of gaming in e-crime in particular.