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Heald, Paul J. --- "How notice-and-takedown regimes create markets for music on YouTube: an empirical study" [2015] ELECD 1275; in Rahmatian, Andreas (ed), "Concepts of Music and Copyright" (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015) 195

Book Title: Concepts of Music and Copyright

Editor(s): Rahmatian, Andreas

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

ISBN (hard cover): 9781783478187

Section: Chapter 8

Section Title: How notice-and-takedown regimes create markets for music on YouTube: an empirical study

Author(s): Heald, Paul J.

Number of pages: 20

Abstract/Description:

In theory, notice-and-takedown regimes can lower transaction costs by facilitating communication between users and copyright owners, especially where content filtering automates much of the process. This market study tests the transaction costs theory by tracking 90 songs on YouTube that reached No. 1 on the US, French, and Brazilian pop charts from 1930 to 1960. The data collected includes the identity of the uploader, type of upload, number of views, date of upload, and monetization status. YouTube uploads of a sample of 385 popular songs from 1919–1926 are also charted. An analysis of the data demonstrates that the DMCA safe harbor system as applied to YouTube helps maintain public access to many old songs by allowing those possessing copies (primarily infringers) to communicate relatively costlessly with copyright owners in order to satisfy the market of potential listeners. Keywords: Notice-and-take-down; YouTube; transaction costs; US Digital Millennium Copyright Act; safe harbor system