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Shapiro, Martin --- "A comparison of US and European independent commissions" [2017] ELECD 1095; in Rose-Ackerman, Susan; Lindseth, L. Peter; Emerson, Blake (eds), "Comparative Administrative Law" (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017) 234

Book Title: Comparative Administrative Law

Editor(s): Rose-Ackerman, Susan; Lindseth, L. Peter; Emerson, Blake

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

ISBN (hard cover): 9781784718657

Section: Chapter 14

Section Title: A comparison of US and European independent commissions

Author(s): Shapiro, Martin

Number of pages: 15

Abstract/Description:

The independence of US independent agencies is only partial, constitutionally ambiguous, based in a complex administrative law of Congressional delegation and legitimated by claims of agency expertise. Their existence raises acute problems of policy coordination and accountability. Independent agencies have proliferated in the EU, are legally dependencies of the Commission, but owe their creation in part to hostility to the Commission. They raise serious ‘democratic deficit’ problems as well as policy coordination problems. Such agencies have also proliferated in the Member States resulting in networks of Member State and EU agencies.